Rose

Basic Information

Scientific Name: Rosa spp., R. damascena, R. canina, R. rugosa

Plant Family: Rosaceae

Conservation / Invasive Status: Naturalized - Monitor

Geographic Range: Global where planted

Safety Level: Generally Safe

Harvest Season: Fall, Summer

Parts Used: Flower, Hip, Leaves, Petals, Roots

Scientific & Botanical Information

Botanical & Scientific

Active Compounds

  • Essential oils: Citronellol and geraniol as primary components, along with nerol and phenylethyl alcohol¹ ²
  • Vitamin C: Rose hips contain 274-1700 mg/100g fresh weight depending on species, with some varieties reaching 3000-4000 mg/100g³ ⁴ ⁵
  • Polyphenols: Including quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, and syringic acid with antioxidant activity¹ ⁶
  • Flavonoids: Anti-inflammatory compounds including rutin and catechin⁷
  • Tannins: Astringent properties⁸
  • Anthocyanins: Contributing to color and antioxidant activity⁹

What Science Shows

Anti-inflammatory: Multiple studies confirm anti-inflammatory effects through polyphenols and flavonoids reducing inflammation markers, particularly beneficial for osteoarthritis and joint pain¹ ¹⁰ ¹¹

Antioxidant: High vitamin C content combined with polyphenols provides robust cellular protection against oxidative damage. Rose hips demonstrate potent antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies² ⁶ ⁹

Anxiolytic (mild): Rose essential oil (particularly R. damascena) demonstrates calming and relaxing effects in aromatherapy research, with significant hypnotic effects observed in animal studies¹² ¹³

Skin healing: Rose hip oil shows promise for wound healing, scar reduction, and anti-aging properties. Clinical studies demonstrate improvements in skin wrinkles, moisture content, and elasticity with topical application¹⁴ ¹⁵

Astringent: Tannin content provides tissue-tightening properties useful for minor wounds, digestive complaints, and topical skin applications⁸

Cardiovascular support: Studies indicate potential benefits for blood pressure and cholesterol management¹⁶

Growing in New England

Hardiness: Most rose species hardy to USDA Zones 2-7, well-suited to New England climate

Soil: Adaptable to various soil types; well-drained preferred

Sun: Full sun to partial shade depending on species

Special notes:

  • Rosa rugosa (beach rose) extremely salt-tolerant, thrives on coast but considered invasive in New England¹⁷
  • Native species (R. carolina, R. virginiana) support native pollinators
  • Most species drought-tolerant once established
  • Cold hardy and low-maintenance in New England conditions

Safety & Interactions

Generally regarded as safe: Extensive history of safe use in food, medicine, and cosmetics across multiple cultures¹⁸

Cautions:

  • Very high doses of vitamin C from rose hips may cause nausea, upset stomach, or interact with certain medications¹⁹
  • Theoretically could affect those with recurring kidney stones, sickle cell anemia, or hemochromatosis due to high vitamin C content¹⁹
  • Potential allergen – contact dermatitis possible in sensitive individuals
  • Cultivated ornamental roses often heavily sprayed with pesticides – source organically grown or wild specimens

Pregnancy/Nursing: Safe in culinary amounts; traditional use during pregnancy for nutritional support. Insufficient data for large medicinal doses – consult healthcare provider¹⁸

Pharmacological Actions: Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Astringent, Mild Anxiolytic, Skin Healing, Vitamin C Source

Traditional Herbalism Information

Traditional Herbalism

Parts Used & Their Applications

Petals:

  • Gentle astringent tea for emotional support and “heart opening”²⁰
  • Skin washes for inflammation and minor irritation
  • Rose water for cosmetic and ritual use
  • Mood support and grief processing

Hips (fruit):

  • Exceptional vitamin C source for immune support, historically used to prevent scurvy²¹
  • Winter wellness teas, syrups, jams
  • Nourishing food source rich in vitamins and minerals

Leaves:

  • Mild astringent tea (less commonly used in modern practice)
  • Can substitute for other tea leaves in some preparations

Roots:

  • Traditional strong astringent for severe diarrhea
  • Rarely used in contemporary herbalism due to higher alkaloid content

Preparation Methods

Rose Petal Infusion

1-2 tsp dried petals per cup boiling water. Steep covered 5-10 minutes (longer steeping increases astringency and bitterness). Use for gentle mood support, sore throat gargle, or as cooling skin wash²⁰ ²²

Rose Hip Decoction

Simmer dried rose hips 15-20 minutes to extract vitamin C and nutrients. Strain well (internal hairs can be irritating). Best brewing temperature 84-86°C for 6-8 minutes to preserve vitamin C while maximizing phenolic extraction²³ Sweeten with honey for traditional immune support syrup

Rose Petal Glycerite

Macerate dried petals in vegetable glycerin 4-6 weeks. Shelf-stable and naturally sweet. Use for emotional support and heart-centered work²²

Rose Water

Steam distillation of fresh petals produces fragrant hydrosol. Use as skin toner, ritual spray, or culinary ingredient. Solar-infused rose water is less concentrated alternative

Rose-Infused Oil

Dried petals (or wilted fresh) in jojoba or sweet almond oil. Solar infusion 2-4 weeks or gentle heat method. Always use dried/wilted petals to prevent mold. Use for facial oil, massage oil, or salve base²²

Traditional Applications

Heart tonic (emotional): Perhaps rose’s most honored traditional use – supporting grief processing, heartbreak recovery, and opening closed hearts. The “signature” of the thorny stem protecting the tender blossom reflects its protective yet opening nature²⁰ ²²

Heart tonic (physical): Traditional gentle cardiovascular support, though primary use remains emotional/spiritual

Respiratory support: Rose hip syrup for coughs and upper respiratory complaints. Gentle expectorant while soothing inflamed tissues²¹

Skin inflammations: Cooling astringent wash for irritation, rashes, minor wounds. Rose water particularly soothing for sensitive skin

Digestive support: Mild astringent for loose stools, gentle enough for children in appropriate doses

Sore throat: Petal infusion as gargle for throat irritation

Immune support: Rose hip preparations for vitamin C supplementation, particularly during winter months. Historical use during WWII to prevent scurvy in British children when citrus unavailable²¹

Grief and loss: Cross-cultural traditional use for processing grief, heartbreak, and emotional pain

Traditional Uses: Digestive Support, Eye Wash, Grief/ Heartbreak, Heart Tonic, Immune Support, Skin Inflammation, Sore Throat

Magical Correspondences Information

Magical Correspondences

Planetary Ruler: Venus – planet of love, beauty, harmony, pleasure, and attraction¹

Element: Water – emotions, intuition, fluidity, the subconscious, healing²

Gender: Feminine (traditional classification)²

Deities: Aphrodite/Venus (love, beauty), Eros (desire, passion), Adonis (beauty, rebirth), Virgin Mary (Christian syncretism – rose without thorns symbolism), Isis (ancient Egyptian associations)³ ⁴

Magical Intentions

Love & Romance:

  • Attracting romantic love and deepening existing relationships
  • Self-love and self-acceptance work
  • Healing from heartbreak and opening closed hearts
  • Friendship and platonic bonds
  • Drawing love of all kinds into one’s life¹ ²

Beauty & Glamour:

  • Enhancing physical attractiveness and confidence
  • Beauty magic and self-image work
  • Cultivating inner and outer radiance
  • Presence and charisma enhancement²

Emotional Healing:

  • Heartbreak recovery and grief processing
  • Opening emotionally closed or defended hearts
  • Forgiveness work (self and others)
  • Healing emotional wounds
  • Releasing old pain and resentment¹ ⁵

Divination:

  • Rose petal scrying (floating in water)
  • Dream work and prophetic dreams
  • Psychic opening and intuitive development
  • Love divination (will they/won’t they questions)²

Protection:

  • Especially white roses for psychic protection
  • Creating sacred space and boundaries
  • Warding negativity while maintaining love
  • Protecting the heart while staying open¹ ²

Peace & Harmony:

  • Calming household tension and conflict
  • Promoting cooperation and understanding
  • Soothing anger and resentment
  • Creating peaceful environment
  • Family harmony work²

Luck & Blessings:

  • Rose hips carried as luck charm
  • Drawing positive opportunities
  • General blessing and good fortune
  • Abundance work (combined with love focus)²

Color Correspondences

Red Roses:

  • Passionate romantic love and sexual desire
  • Courage, vitality, and life force
  • Deep commitment and devotion
  • Strength and willpower
  • Used in passionate love spells and attraction work¹ ²

Pink Roses:

  • Gentle love, affection, and tenderness
  • Friendship and platonic bonds
  • Self-love and self-care magic
  • Emotional healing and heart opening
  • New love and romance (softer than red)
  • Most versatile for love work¹ ²

White Roses:

  • Purity, innocence, and new beginnings
  • Psychic work and spiritual protection
  • Peace, calm, and blessing
  • Spiritual love and devotion
  • Purification and cleansing
  • Luna/Moon magic associations²

Yellow Roses:

  • Joy, happiness, and celebration
  • Friendship and platonic love
  • New beginnings and fresh starts
  • Mental clarity and communication
  • Caution: Some traditions associate with jealousy or infidelity – use with clear intention¹ ²

Ritual Uses

Rose Water:

  • Cleanse ritual tools and sacred objects
  • Anoint candles for love, healing, or peace work
  • Add to ritual baths (especially Venus day/Friday)
  • Spray to clear and bless space
  • Use in floor washes for home blessing² ⁶

Petal Baths:

  • Self-love and beauty magic
  • Preparing for romance or important social events
  • Venus day (Friday) rituals
  • Full moon emotional healing baths
  • Draw bath, add fresh or dried petals, soak with intention⁶

Rose Hip Charms:

  • Carried in pocket or purse for luck and protection
  • Love attraction sachets
  • Prosperity work (combined with other herbs)
  • Protection during travel
  • Strung as beads for love rosaries²

Dried Petals:

  • Love spells and attraction sachets
  • Dream pillows for romantic dreams
  • Loose incense blends (burn on charcoal)
  • Altar offerings to Venus/Aphrodite
  • Sprinkle in corners of home for peace
  • Paper love letters or spell papers² ⁶

Rose Thorns:

  • “Pins” for protective magic and boundary setting
  • Banishing unwanted attention or energy
  • Binding spells (use ethically and carefully)
  • Protecting love from interference
  • Use with respect and caution – powerful tool for defensive magic¹ ²

Fresh Roses:

  • Altar offerings to Venus/Aphrodite and love deities
  • Decorating ritual space for love/beauty work
  • Relationship ceremonies and handfastings
  • Anniversary and commitment rituals
  • Gift to beloved as magical act³

Sabbat Associations

Beltane (May 1):

  • Peak bloom time in many temperate regions
  • Fertility, love, and passion magic
  • Sacred to May Queen celebrations
  • Weaving into May crowns and garlands
  • Love divination traditional this night⁷

Litha/Midsummer (June 21):

  • Wild roses in full glory
  • Love, abundance, and solar energy
  • Rose petals scattered for blessings
  • Peak time for gathering petals for year’s magic⁷

Mabon (September 21):

  • Rose hip harvest begins
  • Gratitude and abundance focus
  • Preserving love and beauty for winter
  • Gathering hips for protection charms⁷

Venus Days (Fridays):

  • Any Friday auspicious for rose magic
  • Venus hour calculations for precise timing
  • Weekly rose offering practice possible¹

Traditional Lore & Folk Magic

Planting and Home:

  • Plant roses by your door for home protection and to invite love
  • Rose garden attracts love and beauty into life
  • Tending roses mindfully is act of self-love magic⁸

Blooming Omens:

  • Rose blooming out of season signals significant change approaching
  • Unseasonable bloom can indicate coming love or major life shift
  • Pay attention to which color blooms unexpectedly⁸
  • *Victorian Language of Flowers:**⁹
  • Red rose = passionate declaration of love (“I love you”)
  • Deep red = mourning, grief for lost love
  • Pink rose = grace, gentility, admiration
  • Light pink = joy, gratitude
  • White rose = innocence, purity, “I am worthy of you”
  • Yellow rose = friendship, joy, caring (or jealousy in some traditions)
  • Rose with thorns removed = love at first sight
  • Single rose = simplicity, “I still love you”
  • Dozen roses = complete love, “be mine”

Symbolism Across Cultures:

  • Wild five-petaled rose = natural pentacle symbol, used for protection magic²
  • Rose hips kept in pocket attract luck and good fortune
  • Dried rose petals under pillow promote prophetic dreams of future love²
  • Rose water sprinkled in home promotes peace and harmony
  • White rose on grave shows remembrance and eternal love
  • Red and white roses together = unity, joining of opposites, balance³

Historical Magical Associations:

  • Ancient Greeks and Romans associated rose with Aphrodite/Venus – created from sea foam or Adonis’s blood (myths vary)³
  • Egyptians associated with Isis and used in love magic and embalming⁴
  • Medieval era: rose used in love philtres and divinations
  • Renaissance: rose essential oil considered powerful love attractant
  • Rose gardens considered places where veils between worlds thin
  • Sub rosa (“under the rose”) = in confidence, secrets kept – rose hung above council tables⁸

Divination Practices:

  • Rose petal scrying: Float petals in bowl of water, read patterns for love questions
  • Rose leaf oracle: Write yes/no on two rose leaves, place on still water, whichever sinks first is answer
  • Midsummer’s Eve: Sleep with rose under pillow to dream of future love
  • Counting petals: “They love me, they love me not” – ancient divination
  • Rose hip divination: Number of seeds inside hip said to predict number of children (folk tradition)² ⁸

Astrological Timing

Venus Rulership:

  • Work rose magic during Venus hours for amplification¹⁰
  • Friday (Venus day) most auspicious
  • Venus retrograde: introspective love work, healing past relationships
  • When Venus in Taurus or Libra: particularly powerful for rose magic

Lunar Phases:

  • New Moon: new love, fresh starts, planting seeds of love
  • Waxing Moon: drawing love, increasing beauty and attraction
  • Full Moon: culmination of love work, charging rose water, emotional healing
  • Waning Moon: releasing old love, banishing unwanted attention, cleansing heartbreak¹⁰

Spell Components & Combinations

Rose pairs well with:

  • Lavender: for calming love, peace in relationships
  • Jasmine: for sensual, passionate love
  • Yarrow: for lasting love, marriage magic
  • Damiana: for sexual attraction, desire
  • Honey: for sweetening, attraction
  • Cinnamon: for quick action, passionate results
  • Vanilla: for comfort, gentle love
  • Violet: for humble, modest love² ⁶

Common spell formats:

  • Love sachets: dried rose petals + intention herbs in pink/red cloth
  • Attraction oils: rose-infused oil base + essential oils
  • Bath rituals: rose petals + salt + intention
  • Candle magic: anoint candles with rose oil, surround with petals
  • Honey jars: rose petals in honey to sweeten specific situation⁶

Modern Adaptations

While traditional rose magic focused heavily on heterosexual romantic love, contemporary practice recognizes:

  • Self-love as primary and most important rose magic
  • Love in all forms: platonic, familial, romantic (all orientations)
  • Beauty magic as self-acceptance rather than conforming to standards
  • Emotional healing and therapy support (rose as gentle ally)
  • Relationship magic for all relationship structures

Rose’s essential energy remains: opening the heart, attracting love in its many forms, healing emotional wounds, and celebrating beauty and pleasure as sacred.² ⁵

Planetary Rulers: Venus

Magical Intentions: Beauty, Divination, Emotional Healing, Love, Peace, Psychic Work

Elemental Associations: Water

References

¹ Cunningham, S. (1985). Cunningham’s Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs. Llewellyn Publications, pp. 214-216.

² Beyerl, P. (1984). The Master Book of Herbalism. Phoenix Publishing, pp. 287-289.

³ Illes, J. (2009). Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. HarperOne, pp. 41-43, 856-858.

⁴ Budge, E.A.W. (1904). The Gods of the Egyptians, Volume 2. Methuen & Co., pp. 202-221.

⁵ Dugan, E. (2009). The Natural Psychic: How to Unlock the Magic That Resides Within You. Llewellyn Publications, pp. 156-158.

⁶ Murphy-Hiscock, A. (2017). The Green Witch: Your Complete Guide to the Natural Magic of Herbs, Flowers, Essential Oils, and More. Adams Media, pp. 194-196.

⁷ Gallagher, A.M. (2005). The Wicca Bible: The Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft. Sterling Publishing, pp. 234-236.

⁸ Folkard, R. (1884). Plant Lore, Legends, and Lyrics. S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, pp. 523-531.

⁹ Greenaway, K. (1884). Language of Flowers. George Routledge and Sons, pp. 78-79.

¹⁰ Dugan, E. (2011). Practical Planetary Magic. Llewellyn Publications, pp. 89-94.


Harvest Notes

Petals:

  • Harvest morning after dew dries, before heat of day
  • Pick flowers just as fully open
  • Dry quickly to preserve color and volatile oils – spread thin on screens in dark, well-ventilated space
  • Properly dried petals keep 1 year in airtight containers away from light

Hips:

  • Harvest September through November in New England
  • Sweetest after first frost when sugars concentrate⁵
  • Before they shrivel or deteriorate
  • Wear thick leather gloves – thorns formidable
  • Slice in half to speed drying and remove irritating internal hairs, or dry whole and process later

References

¹ Boskabady, M.H., Shafei, M.N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological Effects of Rosa Damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295-307. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586833/

² Mahboubi, M. (2016). Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(1), 10-16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411015000954

³ Bucur, L., et al. (2015). Ascorbic Acid Content of Rose Hip Fruit Depending on Altitude. AgroLife Scientific Journal, 4(1), 34-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450003/

⁴ Tuba, J., Hunter, G., Hutchinson, M.J., & Kennedy, L.L. (1943). On Sources of Vitamin C: I. Rose Hips. Canadian Journal of Research, 21c(12), 363-373. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjr43c-031

⁵ Pinakin, D.J., et al. (2024). Comparative Study of Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Five Rose Hip Species Grown in Sicily. Plants, 13(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10780848/

⁶ Kaviyan, P., et al. (2025). A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic applications of Rosa damascena Mill. Plant Science Today, 12(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8344

⁷ Lalovski, I., et al. (2025). Safety of active substances derived from Rosa damascena and their potential biological activity in humans: a systematic review. Pharmacia, 72(3). https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/165898/

⁸ Wiart, C. (2012). Medicinal Plants of Asia and the Pacific. CRC Press.

⁹ Cenusa, R., et al. (2021). Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity Extraction of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Compounds from Rosehips (Rosa canina L.). Antioxidants, 10(9). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453430/

¹⁰ Christensen, R., et al. (2008). Does the hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 16(9), 965-972.

¹¹ Winther, K., et al. (2005). A powder made from seeds and shells of a rose-hip subspecies (Rosa canina) reduces symptoms of knee and hip osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 34(4), 302-308.

¹² Hongratanaworakit, T. (2009). Relaxing effect of rose oil on humans. Natural Product Communications, 4(2), 291-296.

¹³ Mohebitabar, S., et al. (2017). Therapeutic efficacy of rose oil: A comprehensive review of clinical evidence. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 7(3), 206-213. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511972/

¹⁴ Phetcharat, L., et al. (2015). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1849-1856.

¹⁵ Guimarães, R., et al. (2013). Rosehip extracts’ biological activities: focus on dermatological applications. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(35), 2587-2595.

¹⁶ Nagatomo, A., et al. (2015). Daily intake of rosehip extract decreases abdominal visceral fat in preobese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 8, 147-156.

¹⁷ Invasive Plant Atlas of New England. Rosa rugosa (Rugosa Rose, Beach Rose). University of Connecticut. https://www.eddmaps.org/ipane/

¹⁸ European Medicines Agency. (2012). Assessment report on Rosa canina L. and other Rosa species, fructus and pseudo-fructus. EMA/HMPC/136583/2010.

¹⁹ National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2021). Vitamin C: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/

²⁰ Wood, M. (2008). The Earthwise Herbal: A Complete Guide to Old World Medicinal Plants. North Atlantic Books, pp. 487-491.

²¹ Grieve, M. (1931). A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications (1971 reprint). Rose entry.

²² Green, J. (2000). The Herbal Medicine-Maker’s Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press, pp. 156-159.

²³ Ulusoy, S., & Boşgelmez-Tinaz, G. (2017). Effect of brewing conditions on antioxidant properties of rosehip tea beverage: study by response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(11), 3737-3743. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629151/